A Comprehensive Review on the Relevance Feedback in Visual Information Retrieval

Abstract-Visual information retrieval in images and video has been developing rapidly in our daily life and is an important research field in content-based information indexing and retrieval, automatic annotation and structuring of images. Visual information system can make the use of relevance feedback so that the user progressively refines the search result by marking images in the result as relevant , not relevant or neutral to the search query and then repeating the search with the new information. With a comprehensive review as the main portion, this paper also suggested some novel solutions and perspectives throughout the discussion. Introduce the concept of Negative bootstrap, opens up interesting avenues for future research. Keywords-Bootstrapping, CBIR (Content Based Image Retrieval), Relevance feedback VIR (Visual Information Retrieval). I. INTRODUCTION There has been a renewed spurt of research activity in Visual Information Retrieval. Basically two kinds of information are associated with a visual object (image or video): information about the object, called its metadata, and information contained within the object, called visual features. Metadata is alphanumeric and generally expressible as a schema of a relational or object-oriented database. Visual features are derived through computational processes typically image processing, computer vision, and computational geometric routines executed on the visual object. The simplest visual features that can be computed are based on pixel values of raw data, and several early image database systems [1] used pixels as the basis of their data models. In many specific applications, the process of visual feature extraction is limited by the availability of fast, implementable techniques in image processing and computer vision II. RELATED WORK Initially developed in document retrieval (Salton 1989), relevance feedback was transformed and introduced into content-based multimedia retrieval, mainly content-based image retrieval CBIR)[3]

IEAACK-Secure Detection System For Packet-Dropping Attack In Manets

MANET is a collection of wireless independent nodes along with transmitter and receiver that communicate with each other via bidirectional link. The self-configuring ability of nodes in MANET made it popular among critical mission applications like military use or emergency recovery. But due to the changing topology and open access MANET become vulnerable to problems (such as receiver collision, limited transmission power, false misbehaviour report , packet dropping) To solve this problem we use three approaches of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) such as Watchdog, TWOACK, and AACK. We have proposed a new protocol design for MANET that is IDS based EAACK which consist of ACK, S-ACK and MRA for solving all the problems of Watchdog approach in IDS of MANET